CLIMATE CHANGE

               CLIMATE CHANGE

                     What is Climate?

"The weather conditions prevailing in an area in general or over a long period". 

The global climate is more than the “average” of the climates of specific places.

            What is climate change?

   "Climate change describes a change in the average conditions — such as temperature and rainfall — in a region over a long period of time. Global climate change refers to the average long-term changes over the entire Earth".

    Global climate change has already had observable effects on the environment. Glaciers have shrunk, ice on rivers and lakes is breaking up earlier, plant and animal ranges have shifted and trees are flowering soon.

Effects that scientists had predicted in the past would result from global climate change are now occurring: loss of sea ice, accelerated sea level rise and longer, more intense heat waves.

"Climate change you must not ignore or the future might be no more"

Types of climate on earth:

There are approximately five main climate types on Earth

A:Tropical

B:Dry

C:Temperate

D:Continental

E:Polar

A: Tropical= In this hot and humid zone, the average temperatures are greater than 64°F (18°C) year-round and there is more than 59 inches of precipitation each year.

B: Dry= These climate zones are so dry because moisture is rapidly evaporated from the air and there is very little precipitation.

C: Temperate= In this zone, there are typically warm and humid summers with thunderstorms and mild winters.

D: Continental= These regions have warm to cool summers and very cold winters. In the winter, this zone can experience snowstorms, strong winds, and very cold temperatures—sometimes falling below -22°F (-30°C)!

E: Polar= In the polar climate zones, it’s extremely cold. Even in summer, the temperatures here never go higher than 50°F (10°C)!

Climate change is affected by many factors such as :

ABIOTIC FACTORS

*latitude

*Altitude

*Solar radiation

*Evaporation

*Volcanic activities

*Ocean currents

*Orbital variations

*Topography

BIOTIC FACTORS

*Transpiration

*Respiration

*Digestion

*Decomposition

*Photosynthesis

Effects of climate change:

*rising maximum temperatures

*rising minimum temperatures 

*rising sea levels 

*higher ocean temperatures 

*an increase in heavy precipitation

 (heavy rain and hail)

*shrinking glaciers

*thawing permafrost

*Rising Health issues

"Here health and climate are interlinked with each other. If we are preventing climate so indirectly we are preventing our health".

"GO GREEN TO SAVE THE BLUE"

The indirect consequences of climate change, which directly affect us humans and our environment, include: 

*an increase in hunger and water crises, especially in developing countries

*health risks through rising air temperatures and heatwaves 

*economic implications of dealing with secondary damage related to climate change 

*increasing spread of pests and pathogens

*loss of biodiversity due to limited adaptability and adaptability speed of flora and fauna  

*ocean acidification due to increased HCO3 concentrations in the water as a consequence of increased CO₂ concentrations

*the need for adaptation in all areas (e.g. agriculture, forestry, energy, infrastructure, tourism, etc.)

As the global climate is a highly interconnected system that is influenced by many different factors, the consequences usually result in positive or negative feedback effects. This refers to developments that are self-​enhancing due to the occurrence of certain conditions. 

CASE STUDY ON THE IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON SHARIMP FARMING in Andhrapradesh , India:

Tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon has been the mainstay of India's seafood exports for the past two and half decades (recently, Litopenaeus vannamei was introduced) and has immense potential as a foreign exchange earner. It also has substantial contribution towards socio-economic development in terms of income and employment.

Shrimp aquaculture is threatened by changes in temperature, precipitation, drought and extreme climatic events (cyclones, storms, floods) that affect infrastructure and livelihoods which can impact aquaculture both negatively and positively. Ecological changes, inundation of low-lying lands and saline intrusions into freshwater regions are likely to cause substantial dislocation of communities and disruption of farming systems.

In the face of potential complexities of climate change interactions and their possible scale of impact, the primary challenge for the shrimp aquaculture sector will be to deliver food supply, strengthen economic output and maintain and enhance food security. It is expected that the climate change impacts will be disproportionately felt by small-scale shrimp farmers who are already amongst the most poor and vulnerable members of society. The small scale farmers are typically unorganized and most of the farmers did not have access to technological innovations and scientific applications.

There is a need to forecast the likely effects of climate change on the shrimp aquaculture sector and to develop strategies to assist farmers and rural communities to adapt to the upcoming changes. The project on "Strengthening Adaptive Capacities to the Impacts of Climate Change in Resource-poor Small-scale Aquaculture and Aquatic Resources-dependent Sector in the South and South-east Asian Region" (Aqua climate) funded by Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation and coordinated by the Network of Aquaculture Centers in Asia-Pacific (NACA), Bangkok aims to strengthen the adaptive capacities of rural aqua farming communities to the impacts of climate change in four Asian countries viz., India, Sri Lanka, Vietnam and Philippines.

The focus of the present study report is on mapping the small scale farmer’s perceptions and attitudes towards climate change impacts and their adaptive capacities to address the impacts in Krishna District, Andhra Pradesh, India. Central Institute of Brackish water Aquaculture (CIBA) is the national partner to conduct the study in small-scale farming clusters formed by National Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture (NaCSA).

 So like this there are several case studies related to climate change not only in India but all over the world. 

Ways You Can Reduce Climate Change:

It is widely accepted around the world that human activity is affecting Earth's climate. From air pollution to modern society's fondness of throwing stuff away, humans are not acting as the best custodians for planet Earth. 

"However, with a little effort, each of us can do our part in reducing climate change". 

So, what could you do to protect the environment, and help with climate change prevention, on an individual level?

1. Say no to plastic

2. Renewables to the rescue

3. Whenever possible, use public transport

4. Switch to electric cars

5. Reduce food waste

6. Stop chopping down the forests

7.Climate Communications

8. Turn that damn thing off!

The point to be noted here is that "Green House gases" are essential for climate. 

So we must admin that climate change is everyone's problem. No agency or government or scientists can fix it for us. We are all in this

together. So it's our responsibility to save our earth and maintain our climate. 

"Your Planet Needs You – Unite to Combat Climate Change"

                            THANK YOU ❣

                                                    - By Manisha ✨